Wachsmann, Nikolaus, KL: a history of the Nazi concentration camps (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015).Longerich Peter, Hitler: Biographie (München: Siedler, 2015).Kitchen, Martin, Modern History of Germany: 1800 to the Present, (Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell 2012, 2nd edition).Hagen, William W., German History in Modern Times (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2012).I: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (New York, NY: HarperCollins 1997). Friedländer, Saul, Nazi Germany and the Jews.Evans, Richard J., The Coming of the Third Reich (New York, NY: The Penguin Press, 2004).Boterman, Frits, Moderne geschiedenis van Duitsland (Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers, 2005, 2nd printing).The political opponents of the Nazis were essentially outlawed. Freedom of expression was no longer a matter of course and the police could arbitrarily search houses and arrest people. The civil rights of the German people were curtailed. It formed the basis for the dictatorship. The next morning, President Von Hindenburg promulgated the Reichstag Fire Decree. Anyone who stands in our way will be cut down.’ An eyewitness said that upon seeing the fire, Göring called out: ‘This is the beginning of the Communist revolt, they will start their attack now! Not a moment must be lost!' Before he could go on, Hitler shouted: 'There will be no mercy now. The Nazi leadership was quick to arrive at the scene. Evidence of any accomplices was never found. He was executed after a show trial in 1934. They overpowered the suspected arsonist, a Dutch communist named Marinus van der Lubbe. On 27 February 1933, guards noticed the flames blazing through the roof. The fire in the Reichstag, the parliament building, was a key moment in this development. In the 1928 elections, the NSDAP gained 0.8 million votes in 1930, the number had increased to 6.4 million.įire in the Reichstag: a first step towards the dictatorshipīefore long, Hitler claimed more power. The Nazis used the crisis to condemn the government and the Versailles peace treaty. They benefited from the economic crisis that began by the end of the 1920s. In prison he had written Mein Kampf, setting out his plans for Germany.įrom then on, the Nazis were to stick to the law and try to gain power by means of elections. However, his political career was not over. At the end of 1924, Hitler was released after serving a relatively short sentence. Hitler ended up behind bars and the court banned the NSDAP. In November 1923, Hitler even led a coup attempt. The party was characterised by extreme nationalism and antisemitism. But Hitler used his oratory talent to attract more and more members. When it was founded in 1920, it was only a small party. This was the backdrop to the rise of the German National Socialist Workers' Party (NSDAP).
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